Assignment Dissertation

Name: Hirva Pandya

Roll No.: 10

Enrollment No.: 4069206420210022

Paper no: 210

Paper code: 22415

Paper name: Comparative  and Translation study

Sem.: 4 (Batch 2021- 2023)

Submitted to: Smt S.B. Gardi Department of English, M.K. Bhavnagar University

Comparative Analysis: Untouchable & Gypsy Goddess

According to  Syed Aftab Hassan Bukhari 

Comparative  Study  analyzes  and  compares  two  or more  objects  or  ideas.  Comparative  studies  are  the studies  to  demonstrate  ability  toexamine, compare and  contrast  subjects  or ideas.Comparative  study shows how two subjects are similar or shows how two subjects  are  different.  When  the  practice  of comparative  study  began  is a  matter  of  debate.  

KarlDeutsch has suggested we have been using this form of investigation for over 2,000 yars. Comparing things is essential  to  basic  scientific  .

 novel "Untouchable" by Mulk Raj Anand and "Gypsy Goddess" by Meena Kandasamy both explore the social and cultural discrimination faced by marginalized groups in India. While "Untouchable" focuses on the life of a Dalit, Bakha, who is treated as an outcast by society due to his caste, "Gypsy Goddess" portrays the life of a Devadasi, who is forced into a life of prostitution due to her lower caste status

.Despite their differences, both novels emphasize the need for social reform and equality in India. They highlight the urgent need to eradicate caste-based discrimination and other forms of social oppression., "Untouchable" and "Gypsy Goddess" provide valuable insights into the experiences of marginalized groups in India and the challenges they face in their struggle for equality. These novels serve as powerful reminders that discrimination and oppression based on caste, gender, and other social factors must be eradicated to build a more just and equitable society.

However, both novels highlight the complex relationship between religion and social injustice in India. They reveal how religion can both perpetuate and challenge societal norms and values, depending on the context and the interpretation of religious texts and practices.At the same time, they also offer a message of hope and resilience, showing how individuals can resist and challenge the dominant societal norms and structures that oppress them. The novels highlight the importance of empathy, compassion, and understanding in building a more just and equitable society, and underscore the power of literature in raising awareness and promoting social change. Both novels explore the social and cultural discrimination faced by marginalized groups in India. While "Untouchable" focuses on the life of a Dalit, Bakha, who is treated as an outcast by society due to his caste, "Gypsy Goddess" portrays the life of a Devadasi, who is forced into a life of prostitution due to her lower caste status.Both novels highlight the struggles and hardships faced by their respective protagonists due to their societal status. They also reveal the deep-rooted prejudices and discrimination that exist in Indian society, particularly towards those belonging to lower castes.Despite their differences, both novels emphasize the need for social reform and equality in India. They highlight the urgent need to eradicate caste-based discrimination and other forms of social oppression.In conclusion, "Untouchable" and "Gypsy Goddess" provide valuable insights into the experiences of marginalized groups in India and the challenges they face in their struggle for equality. These novels serve as powerful reminders that discrimination and oppression based on caste, gender, and other social factors must be eradicated to build a more just and equitable society.

, "Untouchable" and "Gypsy Goddess" provide valuable insights into the experiences of marginalized groups in India and the challenges they face in their struggle for equality. These novels serve as powerful reminders that discrimination and oppression based on caste, gender, and other social factors must be eradicated to build a more just and equitable society.

In conclusion, a comparative analysis of "Untouchable" and "Gypsy Goddess" highlights the common themes and issues of caste discrimination, social injustice, and the struggle for equality that exist in India. Both novels provide a vivid portrayal of the lives and experiences of marginalized communities, exposing the harsh realities of oppression and discrimination.

At the same time, they also offer a message of hope and resilience, showing how individuals can resist and challenge the dominant societal norms and structures that oppress them. The novels highlight the importance of empathy, compassion, and understanding in building a more just and equitable society, and underscore the power of literature in raising awareness and promoting social change.

Overall, "Untouchable" and "Gypsy Goddess" are significant works of Indian literature that continue to resonate with readers around the world. They offer a poignant and insightful reflection on the struggles and aspirations of marginalized communities, and serve as a call to action for a more inclusive and equitable society 

Untouchable is a novel written by Mulk Raj Anand that revolves around the life of a young Indian man named Bakha, who is considered an untouchable in the caste system of India. The novel highlights the social and economic oppression faced by the lower caste people in India during the 1930s.

On the other hand, Gypsy Goddess is a non-fiction book written by Meena Kandasamy, which is based on the life of a young Dalit woman named Mariammal, who becomes a goddess-like figure for the Dalit community in Tamil Nadu, India. The book sheds light on the plight of Dalit women in India, their struggles, and the violence they face.

Both books deal with the theme of social oppression and discrimination. However, while Untouchable is a work of fiction that portrays the life of a fictional character, Gypsy Goddess is a real-life account of a Dalit woman.

Untouchable primarily focuses on the life of the protagonist Bakha, whereas Gypsy Goddess portrays the experiences of an entire community of Dalit women. Moreover, while Untouchable is set in the 1930s, Gypsy Goddess is set in the contemporary era, highlighting the continued oppression faced by the Dalit community in modern India.

In conclusion, both books are important works that shed light on the harsh realities of social discrimination and oppression in India. They offer insights into the lives of marginalized communities and help raise awareness about the need for social justice and equality.

Untouchable is a work of fiction, and as such, the author has the freedom to craft the story and characters to suit their narrative. In contrast, Gypsy Goddess is a non-fiction work, and the author has to rely on real-life events and people to tell the story.

Both books use different literary devices to convey their themes. Untouchable uses a third-person narrative to depict the life of Bakha, while Gypsy Goddess uses a first-person narrative to present Mariammal's account.

The two books differ in their scope and scale. Untouchable is a relatively short novel that centers around the experiences of one character, while Gypsy Goddess is a more extensive work that presents a broader picture of the struggles and experiences of the Dalit community in Tamil Nadu.

Untouchable is written in English, while Gypsy Goddess is written in a mix of English and Tamil. This reflects the different perspectives of the authors and their audiences, as well as the linguistic diversity of India.

Both books have been praised for their contributions to Indian literature and for their depiction of the social realities of India. However, they have also faced criticism from some quarters for their portrayal of caste and gender issues..

Untouchable is a novel written by Mulk Raj Anand that revolves around the life of a young Indian man named Bakha, who is considered an untouchable in the caste system of India. The novel highlights the social and economic oppression faced by the lower caste people in India during the 1930s.

On the other hand, Gypsy Goddess is a non-fiction book written by Meena Kandasamy, which is based on the life of a young Dalit woman named Mariammal, who becomes a goddess-like figure for the Dalit community in Tamil Nadu, India. The book sheds light on the plight of Dalit women in India, their struggles, and the violence they face.

Both books deal with the theme of social oppression and discrimination. However, while Untouchable is a work of fiction that portrays the life of a fictional character, Gypsy Goddess is a real-life account of a Dalit woman.

Untouchable primarily focuses on the life of the protagonist Bakha, whereas Gypsy Goddess portrays the experiences of an entire community of Dalit women. Moreover, while Untouchable is set in the 1930s, Gypsy Goddess is set in the contemporary era, highlighting the continued oppression faced by the Dalit community in modern India.

both books are important works that shed light on the harsh realities of social discrimination and oppression in India. They offer insights into the lives of marginalized communities and help raise awareness about the need for social justice and equality.

Untouchable is a work of fiction, and as such, the author has the freedom to craft the story and characters to suit their narrative. In contrast, Gypsy Goddess is a non-fiction work, and the author has to rely on real-life events and people to tell the story.

Both books use different literary devices to convey their themes. Untouchable uses a third-person narrative to depict the life of Bakha, while Gypsy Goddess uses a first-person narrative to present Mariammal's account.

The two books differ in their scope and scale. Untouchable is a relatively short novel that centers around the experiences of one character, while Gypsy Goddess is a more extensive work that presents a broader picture of the struggles and experiences of the Dalit community in Tamil Nadu.

Untouchable is written in English, while Gypsy Goddess is written in a mix of English and Tamil. This reflects the different perspectives of the authors and their audiences, as well as the linguistic diversity of India.

Both books have been praised for their contributions to Indian literature and for their depiction of the social realities of India. However, they have also faced criticism from some quarters for their portrayal of caste and gender issues

While both books deal with the theme of caste discrimination, they approach it from different angles. Untouchable highlights the dehumanizing effects of the caste system on the lower castes, while Gypsy Goddess focuses on the resistance and resilience of Dalit women in the face of oppression.

Untouchable was published in 1935, at a time when India was still under British colonial rule, while Gypsy Goddess was published in 2014, after India had become independent. This reflects the different historical contexts in which the two books were written, and the changing social and political landscape of India over time.

Untouchable is often seen as a classic of Indian literature, and is considered to have played a significant role in shaping modern Indian fiction. In contrast, Gypsy Goddess is a relatively recent work that has gained critical acclaim for its powerful portrayal of Dalit women's experiences.

Both books have been translated into several languages and have been read widely both within and outside India. They have helped to raise awareness about the issue of caste discrimination and have contributed to ongoing discussions about social justice in India.

Finally, it is worth noting that while the two books are distinct works with their own merits, they share a common goal of highlighting the injustices faced by marginalized communities in India. They remind us that discrimination on the basis of caste, gender, or any other social identity is unacceptable, and that we must work towards creating a more equitable and just 

Untouchable primarily focuses on the life of the protagonist Bakha, whereas Gypsy Goddess portrays the experiences of an entire community of Dalit women. Moreover, while Untouchable is set in the 1930s, Gypsy Goddess is set in the contemporary era, highlighting the continued oppression faced by the Dalit community in modern India.

In conclusion, both books are important works that shed light on the harsh realities of social discrimination and oppression in India. They offer insights into the lives of marginalized communities and help raise awareness about the need for social justice and equality.

Untouchable is a work of fiction, and as such, the author has the freedom to craft the story and characters to suit their narrative. In contrast, Gypsy Goddess is a non-fiction work, and the author has to rely on real-life events and people to tell the story.

Both books use different literary devices to convey their themes. Untouchable uses a third-person narrative to depict the life of Bakha, while Gypsy Goddess uses a first-person narrative to present Mariammal's account.

The two books differ in their scope and scale. Untouchable is a relatively short novel that centers around the experiences of one character, while Gypsy Goddess is a more extensive work that presents a broader picture of the struggles and experiences of the Dalit community in Tamil Nadu.

Untouchable is written in English, while Gypsy Goddess is written in a mix of English and Tamil. This reflects the different perspectives of the authors and their audiences, as well as the linguistic diversity of India.

Both books have been praised for their contributions to Indian literature and for their depiction of the social realities of India. However, they have also faced criticism from some quarters for their portrayal of caste and gender issues..

Untouchable is a novel written by Mulk Raj Anand that revolves around the life of a young Indian man named Bakha, who is considered an untouchable in the caste system of India. The novel highlights the social and economic oppression faced by the lower caste people in India during the 1930s.

On the other hand, Gypsy Goddess is a non-fiction book written by Meena Kandasamy, which is based on the life of a young Dalit woman named Mariammal, who becomes a goddess-like figure for the Dalit community in Tamil Nadu, India. The book sheds light on the plight of Dalit women in India, their struggles, and the violence they face.

Both books deal with the theme of social oppression and discrimination. However, while Untouchable is a work of fiction that portrays the life of a fictional character, Gypsy Goddess is a real-life account of a Dalit woman.

Untouchable primarily focuses on the life of the protagonist Bakha, whereas Gypsy Goddess portrays the experiences of an entire community of Dalit women. Moreover, while Untouchable is set in the 1930s, Gypsy Goddess is set in the contemporary era, highlighting the continued oppression faced by the Dalit community in modern India.

In conclusion, both books are important works that shed light on the harsh realities of social discrimination and oppression in India. They offer insights into the lives of marginalized communities and help raise awareness about the need for social justice and equality.

Untouchable is a work of fiction, and as such, the author has the freedom to craft the story and characters to suit their narrative. In contrast, Gypsy Goddess is a non-fiction work, and the author has to rely on real-life events and people to tell the story.

Both books use different literary devices to convey their themes. Untouchable uses a third-person narrative to depict the life of Bakha, while Gypsy Goddess uses a first-person narrative to present Mariammal's account.

The two books differ in their scope and scale. Untouchable is a relatively short novel that centers around the experiences of one character, while Gypsy Goddess is a more extensive work that presents a broader picture of the struggles and experiences of the Dalit community in Tamil Nadu.

Untouchable is written in English, while Gypsy Goddess is written in a mix of English and Tamil. This reflects the different perspectives of the authors and their audiences, as well as the linguistic diversity of India.

Both books have been praised for their contributions to Indian literature and for their depiction of the social realities of India. However, they have also faced criticism from some quarters for their portrayal of caste and gender issues.

While both books deal with the theme of caste discrimination, they approach it from different angles. Untouchable highlights the dehumanizing effects of the caste system on the lower castes, while Gypsy Goddess focuses on the resistance and resilience of Dalit women in the face of oppression.

Untouchable was published in 1935, at a time when India was still under British colonial rule, while Gypsy Goddess was published in 2014, after India had become independent. This reflects the different historical contexts in which the two books were written, and the changing social and political landscape of India over time.

Untouchable is often seen as a classic of Indian literature, and is considered to have played a significant role in shaping modern Indian fiction. In contrast, Gypsy Goddess is a relatively recent work that has gained critical acclaim for its powerful portrayal of Dalit women's experiences.

Both books have been translated into several languages and have been read widely both within and outside India. They have helped to raise awareness about the issue of caste discrimination and have contributed to ongoing discussions about social justice in India.

Finally, it is worth noting that while the two books are distinct works with their own merits, they share a common goal of highlighting the injustices faced by marginalized communities in India. They remind us that discrimination on the basis of caste, gender, or any other social identity is unacceptable, and that we must work towards creating a more equitable and just society for all.

Untouchable is a work of fiction, and as such, the author has the freedom to craft the story and characters to suit their narrative. In contrast, Gypsy Goddess is a non-fiction work, and the author has to rely on real-life events and people to tell the story.

Both books use different literary devices to convey their themes. Untouchable uses a third-person narrative to depict the life of Bakha, while Gypsy Goddess uses a first-person narrative to present Mariammal's account.

The two books differ in their scope and scale. Untouchable is a relatively short novel that centers around the experiences of one character, while Gypsy Goddess is a more extensive work that presents a broader picture of the struggles and experiences of the Dalit community in Tamil Nadu.

Untouchable is written in English, while Gypsy Goddess is written in a mix of English and Tamil. This reflects the different perspectives of the authors and their audiences, as well as the linguistic diversity of India.

Both books have been praised for their contributions to Indian literature and for their depiction of the social realities of India. However, they have also faced criticism from some quarters for their portrayal of caste and gender issues..

Both books deal with the theme of social oppression and discrimination. However, while Untouchable is a work of fiction that portrays the life of a fictional character, Gypsy Goddess is a real-life account of a Dalit woman.

The two books differ in their scope and scale. Untouchable is a relatively short novel that centers around the experiences of one character, while Gypsy Goddess is a more extensive work that presents a broader picture of the struggles and experiences of the Dalit community in Tamil Nadu.

Untouchable is written in English, while Gypsy Goddess is written in a mix of English and Tamil. This reflects the different perspectives of the authors and their audiences, as well as the linguistic diversity of India.

Both books have been praised for their contributions to Indian literature and for their depiction of the social realities of India. However, they have also faced criticism from some quarters for their portrayal of caste and gender issues.

While both books deal with the theme of caste discrimination, they approach it from different angles. Untouchable highlights the dehumanizing effects of the caste system on the lower castes, while Gypsy Goddess focuses on the resistance and resilience of Dalit women in the face of oppression.

Untouchable was published in 1935, at a time when India was still under British colonial rule, while Gypsy Goddess was published in 2014, after India had become independent. This reflects the different historical contexts in which the two books were written, and the changing social and political landscape of India over time.

Untouchable is often seen as a classic of Indian literature, and is considered to have played a significant role in shaping modern Indian fiction. In contrast, Gypsy Goddess is a relatively recent work that has gained critical acclaim for its powerful portrayal of Dalit women's experiences.

Both books have been translated into several languages and have been read widely both within and outside India. They have helped to raise awareness about the issue of caste discrimination and have contributed to ongoing discussions about social justice in India.

Finally, it is worth noting that while the two books are distinct works with their own merits, they share a common goal of highlighting the injustices faced by marginalized communities in India. They remind us that discrimination on the basis of caste, gender, or any other social identity is unacceptable, and that we must work towards creating a more equitable and just society for all.

Untouchable is a novel written by Mulk Raj Anand that revolves around the life of a young Indian man named Bakha, who is considered an untouchable in the caste system of India. The novel highlights the social and economic oppression faced by the lower caste people in India during the 1930s.

On the other hand, Gypsy Goddess is a non-fiction book written by Meena Kandasamy, which is based on the life of a young Dalit woman named Mariammal, who becomes a goddess-like figure for the Dalit community in Tamil Nadu, India. The book sheds light on the plight of Dalit women in India, their struggles, and the violence they face.